À propos des fichiers XHTML

XHTML (XHTML Document · Format de document)

Lancement 2000 Par W3C

XHTML Document (.xhtml) est un format de fichier pris en charge par KaijuConverter pour l’archivage, l’échange professionnel et la conversion multiplateforme.

Famille

Documents & Text

Extension

.xhtml

Type MIME

application/xhtml+xml

Utilisable comme

Entrée Sortie

L'histoire

COMMENT XHTML
A VU LE JOUR.

2000

2001

2004

2009

XHTML 1.0 was published by the W3C in January 2000 as a reformulation of HTML 4.01 in strict XML. The idea: HTML’s permissive syntax let browsers render sloppy markup, which caused subtle rendering inconsistencies; if every document had to parse as valid XML (closed tags, quoted attributes, lowercase everything), the web would become more rigorous and tooling could process pages with off-the-shelf XML parsers.

XHTML 2.0 ambitions (2001-2009) went further, breaking backward compatibility in the name of purity. The web rejected it. When Mozilla, Apple, and Opera split from the W3C in 2004 and formed WHATWG, they drafted what became HTML5 — an error-tolerant spec that codified how browsers actually worked. W3C eventually abandoned XHTML 2.0 in 2009 and embraced HTML5. XHTML is still used in EPUB ebooks (which require strict XHTML), some government publishing systems, and academic tooling — but the web moved on.

CURIOSITÉS ET
ANECDOTES.

The W3C's refusal to kill XHTML led four major browser vendors (Mozilla, Apple, Opera, later Microsoft) to split and form WHATWG in 2004.

EPUB ebooks must contain XHTML 1.1 or HTML5 chapters — the spec is stricter than web HTML.

XHTML requires lowercase tags, quoted attributes, and every tag explicitly closed — no `<br>`, only `<br/>`.

The 2009 abandonment of XHTML 2.0 is considered a pivotal moment where the web chose pragmatism over purity.

Sending XHTML with application/xhtml+xml MIME makes browsers refuse to render pages with XML errors — useful for debugging.

POINTS FORTS ET
LIMITES.

Points forts

Rigorous XML syntax — can be parsed with any XML tool.
Native EPUB and DocBook support.
Enforces clean markup — no sloppy error recovery.
Namespaces allow mixing SVG, MathML, and XHTML in one document.

Limites

Browsers reject XHTML with strict MIME on any markup error — harsh failure mode.
Authoring is more tedious than HTML5.
Not served by ~99% of the web.
Largely superseded by HTML5.

Tailles et poids typiques

EPUB chapter

5-50 KB

DocBook reference page

10-100 KB

Spécifications techniques

MIME types: application/xhtml+xml, text/html
Extensions: .xhtml, .xht, .xml
Standards: XHTML 1.0 (2000), XHTML 1.1 (2001)
Encoding: UTF-8 (required with XML prolog)
Used in: EPUB, DocBook, some government sites

CONVERTIR DEPUIS
XHTML

xhtml pdf xhtml docx xhtml odt xhtml txt xhtml md xhtml html xhtml epub xhtml rst

Cas d'usage courants

Strict web documents, XML pipelines