CONVERSION GUIDES

Everything about STEP and IGES CAD exchange formats — differences, software support, common problems, and converting to OBJ, STL, and PDF.

Everything about FBX files — history, what it stores, Unity/Unreal import tips, Blender export settings, common problems, and alternatives.

Everything about RSS and Atom web feed formats — structure, podcast RSS, feed readers, parsing with Python, and JSON Feed as a modern altern...

Everything about Apple Numbers .numbers files — format structure, converting to Excel xlsx, compatibility issues, and working with Numbers o...

Everything about LRC lyrics files — format structure, timestamps, Enhanced LRC for karaoke, creating LRC files, and using them in music play...

Everything about PST and OST Outlook data files — differences, repairing corrupt PST with ScanPST, exporting to EML/PDF, and opening without...

Everything about GEDCOM genealogy files — structure, versions, exporting from Ancestry/FamilySearch, common problems, and converting to CSV/...

Everything about .torrent files — bencode structure, how BitTorrent works, trackers vs DHT, magnet links, and creating torrent files.

Everything about MusicXML — structure, MusicXML vs MIDI, software support, converting to PDF/MIDI/LilyPond, and using music21 for analysis.

Everything about LaTeX and TeX — .tex file structure, compiling to PDF, converting to Word/HTML, math equations, and editors like Overleaf.

Everything about Markdown — core syntax, GFM vs CommonMark, converting to PDF/HTML/Word, static site generators, and platform-specific varia...

Everything about CSV files — structure, quoting rules, encoding issues, reading CSV in Python/JavaScript/SQL, and converting to Excel/JSON.

Everything about BibTeX — .bib file structure, entry types, citation keys, BibTeX vs BibLaTeX, reference managers, and exporting from Google...

Everything about APNG files — structure, APNG vs GIF vs WebP, browser support, creating APNG, and converting to GIF/WebP/MP4.

Everything about WebVTT — structure, positioning, styling, CSS integration, chapters, HTML5 track element, and converting from SRT.

Everything about NDJSON and JSON Lines — structure, vs regular JSON, reading in Python/jq, big data and ML datasets, and converting to CSV.

Complete guide to OPML (Outline Processor Markup Language) — the universal format for podcast subscription exports, RSS reader migration, an...

Complete guide to Protocol Buffers (protobuf) — Google's binary serialization format. Proto3 schema syntax, code generation, performance vs...

Complete guide to PCAP and PCAPNG network packet capture formats. File structure, capturing with tcpdump, analyzing with tshark and Wireshar...

Complete guide to WebAssembly — the binary instruction format that runs at near-native speed in browsers. .wasm vs .wat formats, compiling f...

Complete guide to HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) and M3U8 playlist format. Master and media playlists, adaptive bitrate streaming, FFmpeg encodin...

Complete guide to Apache Arrow — the columnar in-memory format for zero-copy data exchange. Arrow IPC format, data types, Python/PyArrow usa...

Complete guide to TOML (Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language) — the configuration file format used in Cargo.toml and pyproject.toml. Syntax, data...

Complete guide to HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format) — the scientific data standard used by NASA, CERN, and climate science. Data model, chunki...